OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

Why are tigers crucial to the Indian ecosystem?

1. They provide shelter for other animals

2. They serve as top predators in the food chain

3. They are the only large cat species in India

4. They help in the growth of vegetation

The correct answer is: They serve as top predators in the food chain

Tigers are crucial to the Indian ecosystem because they serve as top predators in the food chain. As apex predators, tigers help maintain the balance of ecosystems by controlling prey populations, which in turn affects the entire structure of the habitat. By preying on herbivores, tigers prevent overgrazing and ensure that vegetation can thrive. This functional role supports biodiversity by creating a healthier environment for various plant and animal species. In contrast, while some species can provide shelter or influence the growth of vegetation, tigers do not primarily fulfill these roles. Additionally, they are not the only large cat species in India, as other species also inhabit the region. Understanding the hierarchical nature of food webs and the importance of apex predators is essential in recognizing the role tigers play in maintaining ecological balance.