OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What is the relationship between genes and chromosomes?

Chromosomes are made up of proteins that form genes
Genes are segments of DNA located within chromosomes
Chromosomes are unrelated to genes
Genes are larger than chromosomes

The correct answer is: Genes are segments of DNA located within chromosomes

The relationship between genes and chromosomes lies in their fundamental roles in genetics and inheritance. Genes are segments of DNA that encode the information necessary for the development and functioning of an organism. Each gene contains instructions for making proteins, which are essential for various biological processes. Chromosomes, on the other hand, are structured forms of DNA that are packaged in a way that allows for the efficient storage and transmission of genetic material during cell division. Each chromosome contains many genes, organized along its length. Therefore, the correct connection is that genes are found within chromosomes, serving as the hereditary units that dictate traits and functions in living organisms. This relationship highlights how genetic information is organized and carried within the cells of organisms.