OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

What is the primary method for managing type 2 diabetes?

1. Regular insulin injections

2. Monitoring diet and exercise

3. Medication that increases glucagon

4. Blood transfusions

The correct answer is: Monitoring diet and exercise

Monitoring diet and exercise is the primary method for managing type 2 diabetes because these lifestyle changes directly influence blood sugar levels and overall health. Type 2 diabetes typically develops when the body becomes resistant to insulin or does not produce enough insulin. By eating a balanced diet that is low in refined sugars and high in whole foods, individuals can stabilize their blood glucose levels. Regular physical activity also enhances insulin sensitivity, reduces body weight, and can lead to better glycemic control. In contrast, insulin injections are generally more pertinent to type 1 diabetes or advanced type 2 diabetes cases and are not the first line of management for everyone with type 2. Medications that increase glucagon would not effectively address the challenges of type 2 diabetes and could lead to increased blood sugar levels. Blood transfusions are unrelated to the management of diabetes and do not treat the underlying issues of insulin resistance or secretion. Thus, the focus on diet and exercise remains fundamental in managing type 2 diabetes effectively.