OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

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What is one application of genetic profiling?

Conducting biodiversity studies
Identifying specific plant genes
Paternity testing
Testing soil samples

The correct answer is: Paternity testing

Genetic profiling is a technique used to identify the specific DNA patterns in an individual, which is highly useful in various fields, particularly in forensic science and family law. One prominent application of genetic profiling is paternity testing. In this context, DNA from the mother, child, and potential father is analyzed to determine whether there is a biological relationship. The profile obtained reveals the unique genetic markers that can show whether a child inherits specific genes from the father. If the tested father's profile matches a significant number of markers with the child’s profile, it suggests a genetic link, thus establishing paternity. This application is crucial in legal scenarios involving custody or inheritance disputes, as well as in personal situations where individuals seek to confirm familial relationships.