OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

What is a potential disadvantage of genetically modified crops?

1. Increased crop yield

2. Higher production costs for farmers

3. Possible production of toxins

4. Less resistance to pests

The correct answer is: Possible production of toxins

The concern that genetically modified crops may lead to the possible production of toxins stems from the manipulation of plant genetics. When scientists alter the DNA of crops to enhance certain traits, there is a risk that unintended effects occur, including the introduction of toxins that could be harmful to consumers or the environment. This is particularly significant when considering the addition of genes from different organisms, which could lead to the production of novel compounds that interact with existing biological systems in unforeseen ways. In contrast, the advantages of increased crop yield and potential drawbacks like higher production costs for farmers involve factors related to economics and agricultural efficiency rather than direct health or environmental risks. Additionally, genetically modified crops are often engineered to be more resistant to pests, which is a common advantage that can reduce reliance on chemical pesticides. Therefore, the production of toxins is a critical concern that underscores the caution needed in the development and approval of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).