OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

What does Alzheimer's disease primarily affect?

1. Long term memory

2. Visual processing

3. Short term memory

4. Spatial awareness

The correct answer is: Short term memory

Alzheimer's disease primarily affects short-term memory. This condition disrupts the ability of individuals to form new memories and recall recent information. Early stages of Alzheimer’s often see patients struggling to remember recent conversations or events, indicating the deterioration of short-term memory functions. While it may eventually impact long-term memory and other cognitive functions, the earliest indications and effects are prominently seen in short-term memory loss. In comparison, long-term memory, visual processing, and spatial awareness can also be affected in later stages of the disease, but the initial and most pronounced effects are seen in short-term memory, making it a crucial area of impairment in Alzheimer's patients. Understanding this helps to recognize the challenges faced by individuals with Alzheimer's and the nature of cognitive decline associated with the disease.