OCR General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) Biology Practice Exam

What are 'natural' methods of contraception primarily based on?

1. Timing and abstinence

2. Physical barriers

3. Hormonal regulation

4. Surgical alterations

The correct answer is: Timing and abstinence

Natural methods of contraception primarily rely on the understanding and monitoring of the reproductive cycle to determine fertile and infertile periods. Timing and abstinence are key elements, as couples avoid sexual intercourse during the woman's fertile window when she is most likely to conceive. This approach requires knowledge of ovulation patterns, the menstrual cycle, and sometimes additional methods such as tracking basal body temperature or monitoring cervical mucus. The focus on timing means that these methods do not involve any physical barriers, hormones, or surgical procedures. Instead, they emphasize self-awareness and communication between partners to optimize the likelihood of avoiding pregnancy without the use of artificial contraception methods.